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A steam turbine with the case opened. Such turbines produce most of the electricity used today. Electricity consumption and living standards are highly correlated. Electrification is believed to be the most important engineering achievement of the 20th century.

The simplest form of technology is the development and use of basic tools. Philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. A plot of CPU transistor counts against dates of introduction. Moore’s law is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles about every two years. Moore’s prediction proved accurate for several decades and has been used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set targets for research and development. Moore’s law describes a driving force of technological and social change, productivity, and economic growth. Philosophical posthumanism: a philosophical direction which draws on cultural posthumanism, the philosophical strand examines the ethical implications of expanding the circle of moral concern and extending subjectivities beyond the human species.

Posthuman condition: the deconstruction of the human condition by critical theorists. AI takeover: A more pessimistic alternative to transhumanism in which humans will not be enhanced, but rather eventually replaced by artificial intelligences. Voluntary Human Extinction, which seeks a «posthuman future» that in this case is a future without humans. Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. Manufacturing engineering or manufacturing process are the steps through which raw materials are transformed into a final product.

The manufacturing process begins with the product design, and materials specification from which the product is made. These materials are then modified through manufacturing processes to become the required part. For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production, and medicine. The term is largely believed to have been coined in 1919 by Hungarian engineer Károly Ereky. Applied science is the application of existing scientific knowledge to practical applications, like technology or inventions.